Experimental research and descriptive research are two primary types of research used in social science research.
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Experimental research is a quantitative research method used to test cause-and-effect relationships between variables. In experimental research, the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable. Participants are randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. The researcher then introduces a treatment or manipulation to the experimental group and compares the results to the control group to determine the effect of the treatment. Experimental research is often conducted in laboratory settings and involves the use of standardized procedures and measures to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.
On the other hand, descriptive research is a qualitative or quantitative research method that is used to describe and analyze a phenomenon or population without manipulating any variables. Descriptive research involves collecting data through methods such as surveys, interviews, and observation. The purpose of descriptive research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon, population, or group. Descriptive research does not attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables, but rather seeks to describe and understand patterns and relationships in the data.
In summary, experimental research and descriptive research are two different types of research used in social science research. Experimental research involves manipulating variables to observe the effect on another variable, while descriptive research is used to describe and analyze a phenomenon or population without manipulating variables. Both types of research have their own strengths and limitations and are used for different research questions and purposes.